How do we Learn?

Meet the brain, the commander-in-chief of every living being!

From a sneeze to a sprint, every action is overseen by this boss. The coolest part? It doesn’t make orders unless there’s a job to be done! It sends messages through the nervous system, in the form of electric signals, to complete every task. But wait, there’s more! The brain is a knowledge-hungry champ, who loves to soak up everything it can get its hands on. It’s a memory bank packed with years of data, but who knows what else it’s hiding in there!

If you’re looking to improve your own brainpower, remember that the key is to keep learning and exploring new things. Whether you’re reading a book, attending a lecture, or simply having a conversation with someone from a different culture or background, every new experience is an opportunity to expand your mind and enrich your life.

Inherited Wisdom: The Maternal Blueprint of Knowledge

Our brains are like sponges, soaking up knowledge from all angles. One source of this information is from our amazing mothers. Before we even make our big entrance into the world, we get a download of pre-existing data from Mum’s brilliant brain.

This data is like a survival kit, packed with the ability to learn from what we observe and interpret. It’s all thanks to our genetic blueprint, also known as DNA, which maps out not just our bodies but also our curious minds.

Our DNA is more than just a blueprint for our physical traits—it’s a wealth of ancestral knowledge. Have you ever considered how we can access this treasure trove? By studying history, we unlock brain pathways that help us adapt to our environment. Learning something new not only builds fresh pathways but also strengthens ancient ones within our DNA.

Children, though small, have incredibly absorbent minds. They’re like curious detectives, observing and mimicking the actions around them, which strengthens their brain pathways. Repetition is key to development.

Our brains functions are developing until our mid-late twenties

Critical areas like the prefrontal cortex and insula are not fully developed until we reach our mid-twenties. The prefrontal cortex, which aids decision-making, problem-solving, and impulse control, is still developing at 25, enhancing our cognitive abilities. The insula, key for empathy and self-awareness, also matures, facilitating better understanding and connection with others.

Isn’t it fascinating that our brains are continually evolving! Understanding these stages of brain development can help us nurture and guide the growth of future generations, ensuring they have the tools to thrive in an ever-changing world.

Human Learning throughout history

Our ancestors gifted us a wealth of knowledge that continues to influence our thinking. Isn’t it amazing how our brains form neural pathways, allowing us to absorb new information and improve it? This capability has been crucial to our evolution, enabling rapid updates in discoveries and advancements. Consider the first bicycles or houses—simple, right? Yet we’ve enhanced these inventions for greater efficiency, thanks to generational evolution driving our progress.

History has been a fascinating journey filled with discoveries that have shaped the course of human civilisation. From the earliest scribes etching knowledge onto clay tablets to the digital age where information is just a click away, the evolution of learning reflects our unending quest for understanding.

Our brains function like time-traveling computers, understanding centuries-old discoveries without the need for first-hand experience. Schools play a vital role in unravelling past secrets, building a knowledge foundation for future success. Isn’t it incredible how much knowledge has endured through generations, still shaping our world today?

It is thanks to the efforts of our predecessors that we are able to enjoy the life we have today.

We rely on the labour, intelligence, and reasoning skills of others to survive in this world.

Think about it for a moment, the food we eat is usually harvested, grown, or created by someone else. The cars we drive were invented, designed and built from the intelligence of greater minds. Even the pen we use to record our thoughts were made possible by the labours of someone else. Over the course of more than two millennia, humans have refined their way of thinking through the gathering and sharing of information across generations.

Knowledge is Acquired throughout Life

One of the most remarkable aspects of the human brain is its plasticity—the ability to change and adapt in response to new experiences.

This fascinating trait ensures that even as we age, our brains remain capable of learning and growing. They create new neural pathways and connections that enable us to better comprehend the world around us.

Whether we are learning a new language, exploring a new hobby, or simply encountering new experiences, our brains are constantly at work, processing and integrating new information. This ongoing process helps us become more intelligent, informed, and well-rounded individuals.

Throughout our lives, the quest for knowledge is a continuous journey. Every stage of life presents new opportunities to learn and grow.

In childhood, our minds are like sponges, absorbing vast amounts of information that shape our understanding of the world.

As adolescents, we begin to refine our critical thinking skills and explore complex ideas.


Adulthood brings new challenges and experiences, each offering valuable lessons that contribute to our personal and professional development.


Even in old age, the pursuit of knowledge remains vital, keeping our minds active and engaged.

The Journey of Learning

Starting from the very beginning;

The brain of a newborn baby is incredibly powerful, capable of learning and adapting to new information at an astonishing rate.

As soon as a baby is born, their brain starts processing and storing data from its environment. It uses all of the senses to observe data. This information is crucial for developing new skills and abilities.

As the baby grows, its brain continues to expand and refine its understanding of the world, building upon the foundation of knowledge it has already acquired.

During the first year, their brain begins prepare to explore the world—processing information like a finely tuned machine. They begin to recognise patterns in sights, smells, and sounds, creating a sense of safety and trust. How do they learn what’s safe or risky? By listening to their own emotions, like a guide through new experiences.

Learning First Movements

From early days, babies develop motor skills by moving their limbs. They soon discover that their actions have effects, that something happens when they touch or move an object.

They learn and repeat, honing their hand-eye coordination. As they master control over their hands, they venture to refine their leg and muscle movements, ready for more complex feats. Look out world, little ones are on the move!

Learning First Words

Bubbling with excitement, babies learn to talk by imitating the sounds around them. With every coo and gurgle, they slowly unlock the mysteries of language. Their first word is usually a repeat of what they hear most.

Starting with simple sounds like “buh” and “umm,” their brains start to connect the dots, like a puzzle coming together. It’s like magic! Before long, they’re babbling away, and suddenly, they can communicate with the big people around them.

Observing Sensory Stimuli

As babies grow, they learn to control their bodies, an essential step in understanding they can guide their actions and behaviours. Consider toddlers: they assert independence by making choices, even without mature reasoning.

Why do their responses seem irrational at times? It’s because their cognitive skills are still developing. This journey is vital in empowering them to understand and manage their mental health.

In the first five years, a child’s behaviour is mainly driven by emotions as rational thinking starts around age five. At this stage, children begin to understand their emotions and distinguish between emotional and rational actions.

Why are emotions so crucial in a child’s development? They shape brain learning, linking closely to memory and learning processes. Positive emotions can boost learning, while negative emotions might hinder it. How can we support our children’s mental health? By encouraging positive emotional experiences, we nurture their learning and emotional well-being.

Without a solid understanding of their emotions, children may face challenges in managing intense feelings, which can, in turn, affect their day-to-day behaviour. It becomes evident that fostering emotional awareness from an early age is essential for helping children navigate their emotions effectively, paving the way for healthier emotional and behavioural development as they grow.

Mimicking and Copying

During these foundational years, a child begins to gain their autonomy, the ability to make their own choices and govern themselves free from external control or influence. This is often displayed in their desire to do things independently. As they observe behaviours of those around them they often attempt to copy or mimic them.

This imitation is an essential part of their learning process, as it allows them to explore and understand the world by trial and error. Through mimicking, children learn social cues, language, and even problem-solving skills, all of which are crucial for their development. This process of imitation is not just about copying actions; it’s about understanding the context and the intentions behind those actions, which helps them develop empathy and social understanding.

As children grow, their ability to mimic becomes more sophisticated. They start to recognise patterns and sequences, which they can then replicate and apply to new situations. This skill is fundamental to their ability to learn complex tasks and adapt to different environments. Encouraging children to observe and mimic in a safe and supportive environment helps them build the confidence to experiment and innovate on their own.

Mimicking and copying are the stepping stones to independence, enabling children to transition from simply observing to actively participating in the world around them. By fostering these skills, we empower them to become self-sufficient individuals who can navigate life’s challenges with creativity and resilience.

Actions and Consequences

Most behaviours are reinforced or eradicated through the actions and consequences that follows behaviour. When a child tries something new, the response they receive from their environment plays a significant role in shaping whether they will repeat that behaviour. Positive reinforcement, such as praise or approval, encourages the child to continue that behaviour, while negative consequences may dissuade them from repeating it.

As they navigate through various experiences, children begin to grasp the concept of responsibility, learning that their choices have impacts not only on themselves but also on those around them. This process of learning from actions and consequences helps children understand the cause-and-effect nature of their actions, teaching them valuable lessons about accountability and decision-making.

This understanding fosters a sense of empathy and consideration, as they start to recognise the importance of making thoughtful decisions. In this way, actions and consequences are instrumental in guiding children toward becoming conscientious individuals.

By providing a supportive environment where children can safely explore and learn, we encourage them to develop the skills necessary to make informed choices and to understand the broader implications of their actions. This foundation is crucial for nurturing responsible, empathetic, and capable adults who can contribute positively to society.

Inferred cognition

As children mature, they are able to use their knowledge, wisdom and experiences to make their own choices and decisions. This ability to infer and draw conclusions from past experiences and observations is what we call inferred cognition. It’s like having an internal compass that guides them through life’s various challenges. As they grow, children learn to trust their instincts and reasoning, allowing them to navigate complex social situations and solve problems creatively.

Inferred cognition involves piecing together information from different sources to form a coherent understanding of new situations. This skill becomes increasingly important as children face more abstract concepts and nuanced dilemmas.

By relying on their accumulated knowledge and insights, they can make informed decisions that reflect both their personal values and the lessons they’ve learned along the way.

Inferred cognition plays a vital role in critical thinking. It helps children:
– Question assumptions
– Explore different viewpoints
– Gain a deeper understanding of the world

By developing this skill, they:
– Build confidence
– Adapt to life’s uncertainties

Through fostering inference and reasoning, we:
– Prepare them for academic success
– Empower them as thoughtful, informed individuals
– Encourage positive impacts in their communities

Practice makes perfect

You know what they say, practice makes perfect!

Our brain has a whole bunch of ways to gather and make sense of info, but when it comes to keeping that data locked in, repetition is the name of the game. Repetition creates nifty little pathways in our brain that help us recall info at lightning speed. That’s why practicing new skills, like jamming on a guitar, speaking a new language, or solving mind-bending equations, is crucial.

The more we repeat, the more we strengthen the connections between our neurons, and the easier it is to bust out that info in the future. Plus, repetition is like a superglue for our understanding of concepts. It’s like building a solid foundation, so we can keep growing and learning. So, next time you forget something, give it a few repeats and watch the magic happen.

Reflecting on the Brain’s Learning Processes

The journey of learning is a remarkable odyssey that begins even before birth and continues throughout our lives. From our earliest interactions with the world, our brains are prepped to absorb and process an incredible array of information. This lifelong process is driven by a variety of mechanisms such as; inheritance of genetic knowledge, sensory observation, imitation, understanding actions and consequences, inferred cognition, and the power of repetition. Each of these elements contributes to the unique tapestry of human intelligence and adaptability.

Understanding the stages and processes of brain development is not only fascinating but crucial for nurturing future generations.

By recognising the significance of emotional well-being and the impact of positive reinforcement, we can guide children towards becoming empathetic, knowledgeable, and resilient individuals.

As they grow, the ability to learn from experiences and trust in their own reasoning equips them to face life’s challenges with creativity and confidence.

Ultimately, the essence of learning is a shared human experience, allowing us to build upon the discoveries of our ancestors and contribute to the collective knowledge of society. It fuels innovation and progress, shaping a future that is continually evolving. As we reflect on the incredible capabilities of our brains, let us embrace the adventure of learning with open minds and hearts, knowing that each step forward is a step towards a brighter tomorrow.

Journal Activity:

Think about where you were 3, 5 or 10 years ago, what have you learned in this time that helped you to improve your life in some way? Can you list them?

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